1. Smart Contract Development: Smart contracts are computer programs that facilitate, verify and enforce the performance of a contract by automatically executing the terms of the contract when predetermined conditions are met.

2. Tokenization: Tokenization is the process of creating a digital representation or "token" of an asset or utility that can be exchanged on a blockchain or distributed ledger. Tokenization can be used to create digital tokens for voting rights, physical assets like real estate and artwork, and even loyalty points.

3. Consensus Protocols: Consensus protocols are algorithms used to reach agreement among distributed nodes on a network about the state of a ledger or database without relying on a central authority. Examples include Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS).

4. State Channel Technology: State channels are secure payment networks that enable users to make transactions off-chain in order to minimize transaction fees, reduce latency and improve scalability. State channels can also be used to facilitate smart contract execution and atomic swaps.